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<html>
<head>
<meta charset='UTF-8'><meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width initial-scale=1'>

<style type='text/css'>html {overflow-x: initial !important;}:root { --bg-color:#ffffff; --text-color:#333333; --select-text-bg-color:#B5D6FC; --select-text-font-color:auto; --monospace:"Lucida Console",Consolas,"Courier",monospace; --title-bar-height:20px; }
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iframe { margin: auto; }
a.url { word-break: break-all; }
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0px; }
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#write.first-line-indent li p, #write.first-line-indent p * { text-indent: 0px; }
#write.first-line-indent li { margin-left: 2em; }
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body.typora-export { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
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*, ::after, ::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
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h6 { font-size: 1rem; }
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a { cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote { padding: 2px 4px; background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.7); color: rgb(85, 85, 85); border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; }
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#write input[type="checkbox"] { cursor: pointer; width: inherit; height: inherit; }
figure { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.2em 0px; max-width: calc(100% + 16px); padding: 0px; }
figure > table { margin: 0px; }
tr { break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto; }
thead { display: table-header-group; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%; overflow: auto; break-inside: auto; text-align: left; }
table.md-table td { min-width: 32px; }
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a img, img a { cursor: pointer; }
pre.md-meta-block { font-size: 0.8rem; min-height: 0.8rem; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; }
p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img, p > img:only-child { display: block; margin: auto; }
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p > .md-image:only-child { display: inline-block; width: 100%; }
#write .MathJax_Display { margin: 0.8em 0px 0px; }
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.md-toc { min-height: 3.58rem; position: relative; font-size: 0.9rem; border-radius: 10px; }
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code, pre, samp, tt { font-family: var(--monospace); }
kbd { margin: 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(173, 179, 185); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(12, 13, 14, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 2px inset; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; }
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code { text-align: left; vertical-align: initial; }
a.md-print-anchor { white-space: pre !important; border-width: initial !important; border-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; display: inline-block !important; position: absolute !important; width: 1px !important; right: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; background: 0px 0px !important; text-decoration: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; }
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.md-diagram-panel > svg { max-width: 100%; }
[lang="flow"] svg, [lang="mermaid"] svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
[lang="mermaid"] .node text { font-size: 1rem; }
table tr th { border-bottom: 0px; }
video { max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
iframe { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; border: none; }
.highlight td, .highlight tr { border: 0px; }
mark { background: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.md-html-inline .md-plain, .md-html-inline strong, mark .md-inline-math, mark strong { color: inherit; }
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html {
	font-size: 19px;
}

html, body {
	margin: auto;
	background: #fefefe;
	-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
body {
	font-family: "Vollkorn", Palatino, Times;
	color: #333;
	line-height: 1.4;
	text-align: justify;
}

#write {
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	margin-bottom: 2em;
	line-height: 1.53;
	padding-top: 40px;
}

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}

@media print {
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	}
}

/* Typography
-------------------------------------------------------- */

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h1 {
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}

h3 {
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}

h1, 
h2, 
h3{
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}

h2:after{
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pre {
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}

a {
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}
a:hover {
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}
a img {
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}
h1 a,
h1 a:hover {
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}
hr {
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}
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}
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table td {
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}
table th {
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}
table thead th {
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}
table caption+thead tr:first-child th,
table caption+thead tr:first-child td,
table colgroup+thead tr:first-child th,
table colgroup+thead tr:first-child td,
table thead:first-child tr:first-child th,
table thead:first-child tr:first-child td {
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}
table tbody+tbody {
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}

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	display: inline-block;
	width: 1.33333333rem;
  	height: 1.6rem;
	vertical-align: middle;
	text-align: center;
	color: #ddd;
	background-color: #fefefe;
}

.md-task-list-item > input:checked:before,
.md-task-list-item > input[checked]:before{
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}
.md-tag {
	color: inherit;
	font: inherit;
}
#write pre.md-meta-block {
	min-height: 35px;
	padding: 0.5em 1em;
}
#write pre.md-meta-block {
	white-space: pre;
	background: #f8f8f8;
	border: 0px;
	color: #999;
	
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	max-width: calc(100% + 60px);
	margin-left: -30px;
	border-left: 30px #f8f8f8 solid;
	border-right: 30px #f8f8f8 solid;

	margin-bottom: 2em;
	margin-top: -1.3333333333333rem;
	padding-top: 26px;
	padding-bottom: 10px;
	line-height: 1.8em;
	font-size: 0.9em;
	font-size: 0.76em;
	padding-left: 0;
}
.md-img-error.md-image>.md-meta{
	vertical-align: bottom;
}
#write>h5.md-focus:before {
	top: 2px;
}

.md-toc {
	margin-top: 40px;
}

.md-toc-content {
	padding-bottom: 20px;
}

.outline-expander:before {
	color: inherit;
	font-size: 14px;
	top: auto;
	content: "\f0da";
	font-family: FontAwesome;
}

.outline-expander:hover:before,
.outline-item-open>.outline-item>.outline-expander:before {
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}

/** source code mode */
#typora-source {
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}

.html-for-mac #typora-sidebar {
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    box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, .175);
}

.cm-s-typora-default .cm-header, 
.cm-s-typora-default .cm-property,
.CodeMirror.cm-s-typora-default div.CodeMirror-cursor {
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}

.cm-s-typora-default .cm-atom, .cm-s-typora-default .cm-number {
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.typora-node .file-list-item-parent-loc, 
.typora-node .file-list-item-time, 
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.md-task-list-item>input {
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    margin-top: calc(1rem - 12px);
}

.md-mathjax-midline {
	background: #fafafa;
}

.md-fences .code-tooltip {
	bottom: -2em !important;
}

.dropdown-menu .divider {
	border-color: #e5e5e5;
}


mjx-container[jax="SVG"] {
  direction: ltr;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg {
  overflow: visible;
  min-height: 1px;
  min-width: 1px;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg a {
  fill: blue;
  stroke: blue;
}

mjx-assistive-mml {
  position: absolute !important;
  top: 0px;
  left: 0px;
  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
  padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px !important;
  border: 0px !important;
  display: block !important;
  width: auto !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  -webkit-touch-callout: none;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  -khtml-user-select: none;
  -moz-user-select: none;
  -ms-user-select: none;
  user-select: none;
}

mjx-assistive-mml[display="block"] {
  width: 100% !important;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"] {
  display: block;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 1em 0;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"][width="full"] {
  display: flex;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="left"] {
  text-align: left;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="right"] {
  text-align: right;
}

g[data-mml-node="merror"] > g {
  fill: red;
  stroke: red;
}

g[data-mml-node="merror"] > rect[data-background] {
  fill: yellow;
  stroke: none;
}

g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > line[data-line], svg[data-table] > g > line[data-line] {
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</style><title>3-2-2.分布分数及分布曲线</title>
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<div id='write'  class=''><h1 id='3-2-2分布分数及分布曲线'><span>3-2-2.分布分数及分布曲线</span></h1><p><span>随着pH的变化，弱酸弱碱的各个型体所占分析浓度的百分比会不断变化</span></p><p><span>我们想要直观的看到这种变化</span></p><p><span>于是，我们提出了</span><strong><span>分布分数</span></strong><span>的概念并且采用</span><strong><span>分布曲线</span></strong><span>使得数据可视化</span></p><p><span>我们以</span><strong><span>草酸</span></strong><span>为例，它在溶液中有</span><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26.018ex" height="2.326ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 11500.1 1027.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.439ex;"><defs><path id="MJX-41-TEX-N-48" d="M128 622Q121 629 117 631T101 634T58 637H25V683H36Q57 680 180 680Q315 680 324 683H335V637H302Q262 636 251 634T233 622L232 500V378H517V622Q510 629 506 631T490 634T447 637H414V683H425Q446 680 569 680Q704 680 713 683H724V637H691Q651 636 640 634T622 622V61Q628 51 639 49T691 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width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0"><mn>2</mn></mpadded></mrow></mrow></msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0"><mn>4</mn></mpadded></mrow></mrow></msub><msup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>,</mo></mrow><mspace width="0.167em"></mspace><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0"><mn>2</mn></mpadded></mrow></mrow></msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0"><mn>4</mn></mpadded></mrow></mrow></msub><msup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><script type="math/tex">\ce{H2C2O4,HC2O4-,C2O4^{2-}}</script><span>三种型体</span></p><blockquote><p><span> 分布分数是指某酸碱组份的平衡浓度占其总浓度的分数</span></p></blockquote><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" 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display="block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0"><mn>2</mn></mpadded></mrow></mrow></msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0"><mn>4</mn></mpadded></mrow></mrow></msub><msup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>=</mo></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mi></mrow><msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0"><msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msubsup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mtext>2-</mtext></msubsup></mpadded></mrow></mrow></msub></mrow></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><p><img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0892687515300078-gr7.jpg" width=700px></p><blockquote><p><span>同一物质各种型体分布分数之和 = 1</span></p></blockquote></div></div>
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